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#Blockchain Stacks Network Plans to Leverage BTC’s Proof of Work and Burn Bitcoins

Stacks Network Plans to Leverage BTC's Proof-of-Work and Burn Bitcoins

Blockchain startup Blockstack has revealed the company is in the midst of developing a new distributed ledger protocol called Stacks, a chain that leverages the hash power from the Bitcoin Core (BTC) network. Not only is the Stacks network secured by over 45 exahash of distributed hashrate, but its consensus algorithm also burns BTC by using a mechanism known as proof of burn (PoB).

Also read: Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market

Proof of Burn

Blockstack, formerly called Onename, and Stacks lead developer Jude Nelson have published a video that describes a newly designed blockchain consensus algorithm. It utilizes Bitcoin Core’s proof of work (PoW), alongside the burning of coins (PoB) in order to process blocks on the Stacks chain. Nelson details there are inherent issues with proof-of-stake consensus models and the PoB consensus mechanism is meant to bootstrap itself from the established hash power stemming from the BTC chain. Over time, the Stacks chain will slowly transition away from BTC’s hash power, but using it initially will help curb 51% attacks that have been seen in recent months with networks that have an extremely low amount of PoW.

Stacks Network Plans to Leverage BTC's Proof-of-Work and Burn Bitcoins
Muneeb Ali and Ryan Shea founded Blockstack in 2013.

Nelson believes it would be better to build on top of the security of BTC rather than try to mimic that success.

“Instead of expending electrical and hardware costs, participants in proof-of-burn consensus do just that — They provably destroy (or “burn”) their own bitcoin as the economic cost for their participation,” explains Nelson’s recent video describing the Stacks chain. “Every participant competing for the opportunity to write the next block must burn a certain amount of proof-of-work token (bitcoin) to enter the competition.”

The Blockstack developer continued by stating:

A participant’s likelihood of winning the competition increases with the percentage of bitcoin they burn compared to other participants — The competition’s winner writes the block, collects transaction fees, and earns the block reward of Stacks tokens.

Stacks Network Plans to Leverage BTC's Proof-of-Work and Burn Bitcoins
Stacks won’t be the only chain that has used proof-of-burn (PoB), as Counterparty (XCP) is well known for initiating this process. The protocol that works with the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) chain Wormhole Cash (WHC) also uses a burning mechanism.

Building on Top of the Largest PoW Chain

Nelson’s blog post and recently published video also explains that the Stacks blockchain has its own memory-hard PoW process, but only 5 percent is allocated and the other 95 percent stems from BTC’s hash power. The process is tunable so that in future the Stacks developers can lessen the dependency on the BTC chain. “As the Stacks blockchain starts to get significant hash power there is a path available (by changing the tunable threshold) to reduce the percentage for Bitcoin and slowly transition away from it,” Nelson’s report notes.

Stacks Network Plans to Leverage BTC's Proof-of-Work and Burn Bitcoins
Figures from the Stacks token protocol whitepaper.

A Stacks block is found by using a mechanism called “cryptographic sortition” and each block with the burns from all participants is used to calculate a probability distribution at random. If a participant spends a lot of bitcoin during the burn process and doesn’t receive any incentive, the loss is similar to BTC miners using electricity and losing the block race, Nelson explains. “If you contribute 90% of all burns in an epoch, there’s still a 10% chance that you will lose (but your Bitcoin is destroyed either way,” the developer adds.

Nelson states further:

It’s worth noting though; the burns aren’t truly “wasted” — they still improve the chain quality since their (wasted) burns get used to calculate a “burn quota” which helps slow down attackers.

The Blockstack programmer says the firm is building the chain in this manner because they believe it would be “fruitless” to compete with the security of BTC. Rather the team decided to build on top of the largest PoW chain in order to create a more distributed and censorship-resistant web. Blockstack’s main intentions have always been working toward the decentralization of the internet. Nelson believes it’s even better when there’s a blockchain system that’s verified by individuals and organizations “acting out of rational economic self-interest.” In Hong Kong, Nelson detailed that Stacks version 2 is currently under development during his recent keynote discussion concerning the protocol. At the moment developers can review the two open SIPs or Stacks Improvement Proposals.

What do you think about Blockstack’s Stacks proof-of-burn consensus model? Let us know what you think about this project in the comments section below.


Image credits: Shutterstock, Blockstack, Pixabay, and the Blockstack white paper.


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#Blockchain Fidelity Announces Institutional Crypto Platform is in ‘Final Testing’

Fidelity has published an update announcing that its highly anticipated cryptocurrency exchange and custody platform, Fidelity Digital Asset Services (FDAS), has entered its “final testing” phase. The financial services provider also stated that it is exclusively serving a “select set of eligible clients” while developing the platform.

Also Read: Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market

Fidelity Highlights Institutional Focus for FDAS

The company has emphasized its institutional focus, stating that Fidelity’s “initial clients are an important part” of the “final testing and process refinement periods,” that will enable the company to “provide these services to a broader set of eligible institutions.”

Fidelity added that its discussions with “a variety of institutions” had underscored the perceived demand for “a trusted platform provider to engage with digital assets in a meaningful way.”

Fidelity Announces Institutional Crypto Platform is in 'Final Testing'

The company also stated that its risk and compliance teams are “actively” working with auditors to tighten policies and operational processes, adding that it hopes to “set new benchmarks for this aspect of cryptographic … finance.”

Fidelity described the development process for the platform as comprising both a “challenging and rewarding time.”

No Date for FDAS Launch Despite Rumors of March Target

While Fidelity has not revealed a firm date for the launch of FDAS, much of the cryptocurrency community is anticipating the platform may launch sometime around March.

Fidelity Announces Institutional Crypto Platform is in 'Final Testing'

On. Jan. 29, Bloomberg reported that the company was targeting March as a launch date for its custody service, citing “three people with knowledge of the matter.” At the end of 2018, Tom Jessop, the founding head of Fidelity Digital Assets, stated that the company was then hoping to launch FDAS during the first quarter of 2019.

Do you think that Fidelity will launch its cryptocurrency platform before or after the second quarter begins? Share your thoughts in the comments section below!


Images courtesy of Shutterstock


At Bitcoin.com there’s a bunch of free helpful services. For instance, have you seen our Tools page? You can even lookup the exchange rate for a transaction in the past. Or calculate the value of your current holdings. Or create a paper wallet. And much more.

The post Fidelity Announces Institutional Crypto Platform is in ‘Final Testing’ appeared first on Bitcoin News.

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#Blockchain These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency

The Best Ways Merchants Can Start Charging Customers in Bitcoin

As more people become interested in the world of cryptocurrency, adoption grows and so does the number of merchants interested in accepting bitcoin payments. Here are some of the easiest methods for integrating bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies into your online business. 

Also read: Wikipedia Now Accepts Bitcoin Cash Donations via Bitpay 

Why Your Business Might Want to Accept Bitcoin

Charging customers in bitcoin can prove beneficial to a business in many ways. For a start, accepting payments via credit card can be expensive, with banks and payment processors typically taking a cut of 3-5 percent. Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies can actually reduce such fees to less than one percent. In the case of bitcoin cash, fees are usually less than one cent. Bitcoin transactions are also irreversible, so chargebacks or returns, which are common with credit card payments, become a thing of the past. Receiving payments in bitcoin can also dramatically expedite international transactions while minimizing fees, which is ideal for online merchants.

On top of all this, there is immediacy of access to funds. Merchants of course like to have funds available as quickly as possible, as cash flow can make or break a business. Charging customers in bitcoin is one way to facilitate this. These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency

How to Get Started

First and foremost, when a business wants to start charging its customers in bitcoin, it needs to make this fact obvious. Just as many businesses, both online and offline, make it clear they accept Mastercard, Visa or Paypal, a merchant accepting bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies will want to display this fact prominently on their website, and particularly at checkout. A brick and mortar store can display their wallet addresses in the form of a QR code at the counter. Hardware terminals and touchscreen apps are other methods for accepting payments.

These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept CryptocurrencySetting prices is also an important matter to consider. When a business accepts bitcoin, it makes sense, at least at this stage of cryptocurrency adoption, to display the corresponding fiat currency price, and charge the customer accordingly, since the value of bitcoin fluctuates. Depending on where the business is based, tax will also have to be taken into account. It makes sense to view any bitcoin received as payment as similar to receiving a cash payment; though somewhat anonymous, it will still have to go through the books like any other payment. One thing to bare in mind is refunds. If a customer requests a refund, the merchant will need to ask for their address in order to send the cash back to them – although some platforms have ways of dealing with this smoothly.

Bitpay

Bitpay is by far the most common method for merchants to accept bitcoin (BTC), bitcoin cash (BCH) and other cryptocurrencies right now. Its system is fast, simple and incurs little risk of volatility for merchants, since Bitpay will handle settlement and automatically convert the crypto into fiat. The cryptocurrency payment processor recently released figures revealing it processed over $1 billion in payments last year. When it comes to refunds, things are simpler with Bitpay and merchants only need an email address in order to return funds to the buyer’s account.

These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency

Benefits of Bitpay include its ability to support numerous currencies including the U.S. dollar, euro, pound sterling and Chinese yuan and direct bank deposits.

Coinbase Commerce

Another popular way to accept bitcoin payments is to use Coinbase Commerce. This is ideal for an online business as it enables merchants to accept payments in bitcoin and instantly convert it into fiat to save themselves from price volatility. It’s free, too, unlike receiving payments via credit card. Given the recognition and trust granted to the Coinbase brand, it may make sense for merchants to integrate Coinbase Commerce.

These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency

Gocoin

Receiving international payments is much easier when charging customers in bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Gocoin is one of the largest crypto payment processing services and supports a number of cryptocurrencies. It offers easy integration in the form of a plugin that businesses can install on their website and has a zero chargeback system.

These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency

Btcpay

Open source payment processor Btcpay is particularly useful for more technically accomplished merchants. The processor is essentially a decentralized version of Bitpay and allows easy migration of existing codebase to the merchant’s self-hosted payment processor. Btcpay is helpful for merchants who want to be in control of their own funds and to accept several different cryptocurrencies. The merchant retains complete control of the full node, and payments go directly into their cryptocurrency wallet, which increases privacy and security.

These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency

What other cryptocurrency payment processors have you tried? Share your thoughts in the comments section below.


Images courtesy of Shutterstock and Gocoin. 


Disclaimer: Bitcoin.com does not endorse nor support these products/services.

Readers should do their own due diligence before taking any actions related to the mentioned companies or any of their affiliates or services. Bitcoin.com is not responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods or services mentioned in this article.

The post These Payment Gateways Will Enable Your Business to Accept Cryptocurrency appeared first on Bitcoin News.

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#Blockchain Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market

Despite Bear Market Prices Owners Are Still Selling Properties for Cryptocurrencies

Bitcoin and many other digital assets have lost more than 80 percent of their fiat value since 2017. Despite this, the trend for people selling homes for cryptocurrency continues to thrive amidst one of the longest bear markets in crypto history.

Also read: Canadian Exchange Insolvent After CEO Dies With Keys to $145M of Cryptocurrency

The Real Estate and Crypto Asset Trend Continues in 2019

It’s been one of the longest bear markets ever in bitcoin land, but digital asset proponents are trucking along with relentless faith hoping that the lows will eventually come to an end. Because of the price drop, the entire cryptocurrency economy has been affected as blockchain companies have suffered layoffs and cryptocurrency-related internet searches have dropped significantly. Not all crypto trends have been downwards however: people are still interested in crypto-focused conferences and over-the-counter (OTC) bitcoin volumes have been climbing. Another trend that’s managed to survive is the real estate market and its newfound relationship with cryptocurrencies. Back in late 2017, when crypto assets were extremely valuable, people were selling real estate for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. And now, even after the 80+ percent drop in value, individuals and real estate firms are still putting homes on the market for digital currencies.

Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market
A Saddlebunch Key estate located in Key West, Florida can be exchanged for digital currencies.

Home Owners in Australia Are Still Selling for Cryptocurrencies

On Jan. 30, a regional news outlet reported how property in Australia is still being sold for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. For instance, Real Estate agency Ray White is selling a luxurious three-bathroom home in Surfers Paradise for $580,000 and the owner is willing to accept payment in BTC. In a suburb of Darwin, an apartment is selling for roughly 126 BTC or $600,000. The private listing says “We are happy to accept Bitcoin or any other major cryptocurrency instead of Australian dollars for this property.” Not only are homes selling for cryptocurrencies in Australia but people can purchase parcels of land with digital assets as well. Another listing located in the town of Helidon, Queensland has the homeowner seeking the equivalent of $86,000 paid in BTC. “You can purchase this property entirely using bitcoins,” the listing details.

Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market
Ray White Real Estate is selling a Surfers Paradise home for $580,000 which can be purchased with BTC.

There Are People Listing Luxury Apartments, Estates and More for Digital Assets in 2019

Australia isn’t the only region seeing this trend, as real estate listings being sold for cryptocurrencies has become a mainstay over the last two years. For instance, in San Fransisco, according to a Craigslist ad, a mid-century hillside estate can be purchased for $3.3 million. “The seller may consider offers including consideration paid in bitcoin or other forms of cryptocurrency,” explains the advertisement.

Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market
This Playa Colorado beach home is for sale and the owner is happy to accept cryptocurrencies.

In Hughson California, you can buy a $2.3 million 5,138 sq ft luxury cherry estate with four bedrooms. The property also includes 14 acres of land and was designed by Conrad Sanchez. For 70 BTC, a property in the beautiful region of Playa Colorado can be purchased that includes its own private beach club and restaurant membership. For $900,000 in digital currencies, there’s a 3-bedroom, 1,800 sq ft Key West estate for sale located on Saddlebunch Key.

Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market
A $2.3 million 5138 sq ft luxury cherry estate in California with four bedrooms is being sold for digital currencies.

Lots of Parcels and Acreage for Sale

Homes and apartments are not the only types of properties being listed for cryptocurrencies as there are lots of plots of land for sale too. You can use BTC, ETH, or LTC to purchase 41 hectares of land by the Baltic Sea which consists of eight interconnected parcels.

Properties Are Still Being Sold for Cryptocurrency Despite the Bear Market
The owner of over 300 acres of land located in Bouse, Arizona will sell the large parcel for digital assets.

In Albrightsville, Pennsylvania, someone could snatch up a vacant Poconos lot and acquire a ½ acre of this popular vacation land for digital currencies. There are almost 12 acres of land for sale that borders Boise in the region of Sweet, Idaho and the owner is interested in a digital currency trade. Or if you want a whole bunch of acreage, for $475,000 in cryptos you can purchase a 300-acre farm with water in Bouse, Arizona.

It seems that people are still finding value in listing luxury homes, apartments and lots of acreage in exchange for cryptocurrencies. The lower cryptocurrency values may entice owners selling properties because essentially they can gather a lot more coins. So far, in 2019, there are still plenty of sellers who are attracted to this form of payment and are happy to accept cryptocurrencies instead of fiat in exchange for property.

What do you think about the continued trend of people listing homes and land in exchange for cryptocurrencies? Why do you think this trend has been persistent? Let us know what you think about this subject in the comments section below.

Disclaimer: Bitcoin.com does not endorse these real estate products/services. Readers should do their own due diligence before taking any actions related to the mentioned listings, advertisements, companies or any of its affiliates or services. Bitcoin.com and the author are not responsible, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any content, goods or services mentioned in this article. This editorial is for informational purposes only. 


Image credits: Shutterstock, Ray White Real Estate, and Craigslist. 


Express yourself freely at Bitcoin.com’s user forums. We don’t censor on political grounds. Check forum.Bitcoin.com

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#USA Austin in January: Cash rich and maturing

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2019 has been good to the Austin startup scene so far.

Combined, Austin startups have raised $240.3 million in January. That’s not much less than the nearly $300 million raised in all of Q4 2018. And since the beginning of the year, the Texas capital has seen a number of double-digit funding rounds and a nearly quarter of a billion dollar acquisition.

Out of 10 known rounds, six were for $10 million or over. In recent years, Austin has historically been known for having more early-stage companies that raised more seed and Series A rounds. But if this month is any indication, its venture scene is maturing.

Just today, RigUp — an on-demand staffing platform for the oil and gas industry — announced it has secured $60 million in a Series C round. The financing was raised at a $300 million post-money valuation, according to Axios. Founders Fund led the round, which also included participation from existing backers Bedrock Capital and Quantum Energy Partners.

Also of interest is who has been investing in the city. Silicon Valley-based Bessemer Venture Partners put money into at least two of the 10 rounds: legal tech software provider DISCO’s $83 million Series E and ScaleFactor’s $30 million Series B. So, Austin startups are definitely attracting money outside of the local venture ecosystem.

Paul O’Brien, CEO of Austin-based MediaTech Ventures, believes the past few weeks provide validation for venture capitalists who have invested in the area.

“The timing is right on the mark. Just a few years into the nascent local startup scene, we witnessed the growth and enthusiasm of local mentorship and angel investment, and years later, the presence of sophisticated startup programs like Techstars, Mass Challenge and Founder Institute… and now, as if on schedule for investors, we’re seeing substantial outcomes,” he told Crunchbase News. “What’s most exciting about being a part of the local startup community is experiencing that this is really just the beginning.”

Here’s a quick rundown of some of the other big deals that were announced in Austin this month:

  • On January 3, AlertMedia closed on a $25 million Series C. The company has created a cloud-based mass notification system that aims to streamline notifications across devices and platforms.
  • Pensa Systems announced a $5 million Series A toward its mission of making retail more efficient with the use of drones.
  • On January 17, as mentioned above, back office automation startup ScaleFactor closed on a $30 million Series B led by Bessemer. The company told me at the time it saw 700 percent customer growth from 2017 to 2018, and its headcount grew by four times during the same period.
  • Dosh, maker of a cashback app, on January 22 closed on a $20 million Series B.
  • On January 23, Cision, a public relations software company, acquired Austin-based TrendKite, a media monitoring company that leverages AI, for $225 million. TrendKite will continue to be based in the Texas capital and will keep its name, according to this Austin Business Journal piece. And, its CEO Erik Huddleston, becomes president of publicly traded, Chicago-based Cision.
  • And, on January 24, Houston transplant DISCO revealed it had raised $83 million. Now, with more than $133 million in VC raised to date, DISCO says it has raised “more than any other enterprise legal tech company.”

With such a great month, Austin now has a lot of pressure to continue the momentum for the rest of the year.

Featured image credit: Mary Ann Azevedo

from Startups – TechCrunch https://tcrn.ch/2DQUESU

#USA Startups Weekly: Even Gwyneth Paltrow had a hard time raising VC

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I spent the week in Malibu attending Upfront Ventures’ annual Upfront Summit, which brings together the likes of Hollywood, Silicon Valley and Washington, DC’s elite for a two-day networking session of sorts. Cameron Diaz was there for some reason, and Natalie Portman made an appearance. Stacey Abrams had a powerful Q&A session with Lisa Borders, the president and CEO of Time’s Up. Of course, Gwyneth Paltrow was there to talk up Goop, her venture-funded commerce and content engine.

“I had no idea what I was getting into but I am so fulfilled and on fire from this job,” Paltrow said onstage at the summit… “It’s a very different life than I used to have but I feel very lucky that I made this leap.” Speaking with Frederic Court, the founder of Felix Capital, Paltrow shed light on her fundraising process.

“When I set out to raise my Series A, it was very difficult,” she said. “It’s great to be Gwyneth Paltrow when you’re raising money because people take the meeting, but then you get a lot more rejections than you would if they didn’t want to take a selfie … People, understandably, were dubious about [this business]. It becomes easier when you have a thriving business and your unit economics looks good.”

In other news…

1. Joseph Gordon-Levitt is an entrepreneur, too

The actor stopped by the summit to promote his startup, HitRecord . I talked to him about his $6.4 million round and grand plans for the artist-collaboration platform.

  1. Deals of the week

Backed by GV, Sequoia, Floodgate and more, Clover Health confirmed to TechCrunch this week that it’s brought in another round of capital led by Greenoaks. The $500 million round is a vote of confidence for the business, which has experienced its fair share of well-publicized hiccups. More on that here. Plus, Clutter, the startup that provides on-demand moving and storage services, is raising at least $200 million from SoftBank, sources tell TechCrunch. The round is a big deal for the LA tech ecosystem, which, aside from Snap and Bird, has birthed few venture-backed unicorns.

  1. The Pinterest IPO is really, actually happening

Pinterest, the nine-year-old visual search engine, has hired Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan Chase as lead underwriters for an IPO that’s planned for later this year. With $700 million in 2018 revenue, the company has raised some $1.5 billion at a $12 billion valuation from Goldman Sachs Investment Partners, Valiant Capital Partners, Wellington Management, Andreessen Horowitz, Bessemer Venture Partners and more.

  1. Fundraising efforts

Kleiner Perkins went “back to the future” this week with the announcement of a $600 million fund. The firm’s 18th fund, it will invest at the seed, Series A and Series B stages. TCV, a backer of Peloton and Airbnb, closed a whopping $3 billion vehicle to invest in consumer internet, IT infrastructure and services startups. Partech has doubled its Africa VC fund to $143 million and opened a Nairobi office to complement its Dakar practice. And Sapphire Ventures has set aside $115 million for sports and entertainment bets.

  1. Sam Altman has a new idea

The co-founder of Y Combinator will throw a sort of annual weekend getaway for nerds in picturesque Boulder, Colo. Called the YC 120, it will bring toget her 120 people for a couple of days in April to create connections. Read TechCrunch’s Connie Loizos’ interview with Altman here.

  1. Hims gets unicorn status

Consumer wellness business Hims has raised $100 million in an ongoing round at a $1 billion pre-money valuation. A growth-stage investor has led the round, with participation from existing investors (which include Forerunner Ventures, Founders Fund, Redpoint Ventures, SV Angel, 8VC and Maverick Capital) . Our sources declined to name the lead investor but said it was a “super big fund” that isn’t SoftBank and that hasn’t previously invested in Hims.

  1. a16z bets on VR — again

Five years after Andreessen Horowitz backed Oculus, it’s leading a $68 million Series A funding in Sandbox VR. TechCrunch’s Lucas Matney talked to a16z’s Andrew Chen and Floodgate’s Mike Maples about what sets Sandbox apart.

Here’s your weekly reminder to send me tips, suggestions and more to kate.clark@techcrunch.com or @KateClarkTweets

  1. More startup cash:

  1. An update on the Munchery fiasco

In a new class-action lawsuit, a former Munchery facilities worker is claiming the startup owes him and 250 other employees 60 days’ wages. On top of that, another former employee says the CEO, James Beriker, was largely absent and is to blame for Munchery’s downfall. If you haven’t been keeping up on Munchery’s abrupt shutdown, here’s some good background.

  1. Scooter consolidation

Consolidation in the micromobility space has arrived — in Brazil, at least. Not long after Y Combinator-backed Grin merged its electric scooter business with Brazil-based Ride, it’s completing another merger, this time with Yellow, the bike-share startup based in Brazil that has also expressed its ambitions to get into electric scooters.

  1. Listen to me talk

If you enjoy this newsletter, be sure to check out TechCrunch’s venture-focused podcast, Equity. In this week’s episode, available here, Crunchbase editor-in-chief Alex Wilhelm, TechCrunch’s Silicon Valley editor Connie Loizos and Jeff Clavier of Uncork Capital chat about $100 million rounds, Stripe’s mega valuation and Pinterest’s highly anticipated IPO.

from Startups – TechCrunch https://tcrn.ch/2Gnc1fA

#Blockchain Canadian Exchange Insolvent After CEO Dies With Keys to $145M of Cryptocurrency

Canadian Crypto Exchange Files for Bankruptcy After CEO Dies With Wallet Keys

Death is complicated enough in the cryptosphere when a private investor dies with the private keys to their fortune. But the pain is amplified exponentially should the deceased be the CEO of a digital currency exchange responsible for the safekeeping of millions of dollars. The death of Gerald Cotten, founder and chief executive officer of crypto exchange Quadrigacx, has led to the loss of CAD $190 million (~ U.S. $145 million) stashed in the platform’s cold storage wallets.

Also read: Australia’s Financial Intelligence Agency Registers 246 Cryptocurrency Exchanges

Quadrigacx Seeks Court Protection From Creditors

Canadian exchange Quadrigacx this week filed for protection from creditors in the Nova Scotia Supreme Court, claiming to have failed to locate or access the money since the death of Cotten on Dec. 9, according to a report by local newspaper The Globe and Mail.

Canadian Exchange Insolvent After CEO Dies With Keys to $145M of Cryptocurrency

Significant customer investments are understood to be locked up following the loss of cold storage wallets, especially since Quadrigacx was the largest crypto exchange in Canada by traded volume. One customer is reported to have lost $700,000.

Cryptocurrency can be lost, particularly if the owner doesn’t share the private keys that allow access to the wallet to a third party by way of legacy management. Chainalysis estimates that about 25 percent of all bitcoins now in circulation (valued at roughly $23.5 billion) have already been lost forever, with death accounting for a sizeable portion of the losses.

Following the death of Cotten, Quadrigacx has reportedly lost 26,488 BTC, 11,278 BCH, 11,149 BSV, and 35,320 BTG. About 199,888 LTC and 429,966 ETH has also been lost.

‘A Lone-Wolf Operation’

In her affidavit, the CEO’s widow, Jennifer Robertson, states that her husband was the sole director and officer at Quadrigacx and its sister companies at the time of his death.

Canadian Exchange Insolvent After CEO Dies With Keys to $145M of Cryptocurrency

The company’s misfortune may have resulted in the chief executive officer’s lone-wolf style of operation. “To the best of my knowledge, most of the businesses of these companies was being conducted by Gerry whenever and wherever he and his computer were located,” she stated.

A bankruptcy hearing is scheduled for February 5 at Nova Scotia Supreme Court, with Ernst and Young Inc to be appointed as an independent monitor. Quadriga’s board of directors has posted the legal steps to be taken on their website, stating:

For the past weeks, we have worked extensively to address our liquidity issues, which include attempting to locate and secure our very significant cryptocurrency reserves held in cold wallets, and that are required to satisfy customer cryptocurrency balances on deposit, as well as sourcing a financial institution to accept the bank drafts that are to be transferred to us. Unfortunately, these efforts have not been successful.

The treasury that held Quadrigacx funds was allegedly personalized around the late CEO who had to use his personal account for company funds, as banks kept as skeptical remove away from the crypto aspect of the business. In the absence of a company account, third parties were used to facilitate payment and receipt of funds from users, according to the CEO’s widow.

The exchange’s troubled relationship with banks resulted in the loss of $28 million when a portion of its funds were frozen in January 2018. The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) froze the funds citing ownership concerns. The company initiated ongoing legal action to challenge the action.

Canadian Exchange Insolvent After CEO Dies With Keys to $145M of Cryptocurrency

A Loss That Could Have Been Avoided

Posthumous loss of bitcoin can be avoided if investors make plans for having this information disclosed to their heirs after they die. In April 2018, U.S. investor Matthew Mellon died, leaving his $500 million crypto fortune permanently inaccessible.

“Investors need a storage execution strategy for account information, as well as advice on the implications regarding the deceased estate, including access to accounts, distribution to beneficiaries, and tax implications,” Eran Brill, an investment management director at Stonehage Fleming in South Africa, explained last year.

What are your thoughts on the Quadrigacx situation – do you think the funds are lost for good? Let us know in the comments section below.


Images courtesy of Shutterstock.


Express yourself freely at Bitcoin.com’s user forums. We don’t censor on political grounds. Check forum.Bitcoin.com

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#Blockchain The Daily: Zebpay Launches in 5 European Markets, Coinpulse Enters ‘Indefinite Maintenance’

The Daily: Zebpay Launches in 5 European Markets, Coinpulse Enters ‘Indefinite Maintenance’

Saturday’s edition of The Daily covers developments of interest to crypto traders. Once one of the largest exchanges in India, Zebpay is now increasingly focusing on Europe. The platform has expanded its services to residents of five more countries in the region. Also, troubled crypto trading platform Coinpulse has announced “indefinite maintenance,” asking customers to withdraw their funds, and Binance has introduced credit card deposits.

Also read: Bitcoin Carnivory, Dapps & DEXs, Quadrigacx Claims Insolvency

Zebpay Continues European Expansion

Zebpay, which was one of largest Indian cryptocurrency exchanges until last fall, is expanding its presence in Europe. The trading services of the now Malta-based platform will be available for users in five more countries on the Old Continent – Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain – bringing the total of supported European jurisdictions to over 40.

The Daily: Zebpay Launches in 5 European Markets, Coinpulse Enters ‘Indefinite Maintenance’

The exchange terminated its services in India in September 2018 due to the banking ban imposed by the Reserve Bank of India, the country’s central bank. At the time, it claimed to have around 3 million users. Zebpay then established subsidiaries in Malta and Singapore and started introducing its digital asset trading platform in a number of new markets in Europe, Asia and South America.

In December, Zebpay launched euro deposits and withdrawals and started trading BTC, ETH, LTC, XRP, and EOS with EUR in 26 countries. The platform is accessible through its Android and iOS apps. The company also became a member of two Swiss industry organizations – Crypto Valley Association and Bitcoin Association Switzerland.

Coinpulse in Maintenance ‘Until Further Notice’

Crypto exchange Coinpulse has announced it will enter what it calls “indefinite maintenance” on Feb. 7, 2019 until further notice. Its team explained in a blog post that it’s been working with an investor “behind the scene” to try to keep the platform afloat, but the process has been taking longer than expected. On Thursday, Coinpulse tweeted:

We will have to suspend all trading and deposits from Feb. 1, 2019. We will keep withdrawals open until Feb. 7, 2019.

The exchange also informed users it expects them to transfer their funds out of Coinpulse wallets to their personal wallets or other exchanges in order to avoid being locked out during the maintenance. It advised traders who keep more than one currency to start withdrawing their BTC balance first, then ETH, and after that any other digital coins or tokens.

Coinpulse is currently looking for other investors interested in acquiring its digital asset trading platform along with its website and trademark.

Binance Enables Card Payments, Lists Stablecoin

Binance, the largest cryptocurrency exchange by daily trading volume, has announced its users will be able to make deposits with Visa and Mastercard credit cards. The payment option has been introduced through a new partnership with the payment processor Simplex. The feature is already live, the platform said in a blog post.

The Daily: Zebpay Launches in 5 European Markets, Coinpulse Enters ‘Indefinite Maintenance’

“We want to provide Binance traders with fast and easy access to crypto, in the most secure way possible,” said Binance CEO Changpeng Zhao, commenting on the news. He added that the partnership with Simplex allows the exchange to bridge the gap between credit card payments and cryptocurrencies for traders.

In a separate announcement, Binance has informed users it will list another stablecoin. On Friday, the exchange tweeted to say it’s adding support for Stable USD (USDS). The crypto is reportedly backed 1:1 with U.S. fiat currency. Trading pairs with BTC and BNB, Binance’s own token, will be available on Feb. 6, the exchange noted.

What are your thoughts on today’s news tidbits? Tell us in the comments section.


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from Bitcoin News http://bit.ly/2S23nKA The Daily: Zebpay Launches in 5 European Markets, Coinpulse Enters ‘Indefinite Maintenance’

#Blockchain Wyoming Senate Passes Bill Recognizing Cryptocurrency as Money

Wyoming Senate Passes Bill Defining Cryptocurrency as Property

The Senate of the U.S. state of Wyoming has passed a bill which defines cryptocurrency as property and establishes rules including for allowing banks to provide crypto custodial services. For secured transactions, however, the bill recognizes cryptocurrency as money subject to some of the same rules as money in the state.

Also read: Indian Supreme Court Moves Crypto Hearing, Community Calls for Positive Regulations

Crypto Bill Passes Wyoming Senate

A bill defining digital assets as property passed the Wyoming Senate 28-1 with one excused Thursday. The bill “would make Wyoming the first to classify digital assets, including cryptocurrency, as legal property,” the Wyoming Tribune Eagle reported. In addition, “It would subject cryptocurrency to some of the same rules as money by expanding existing laws,” the publication described.

Wyoming Senate Passes Bill Recognizing Cryptocurrency as Money

Noting that “The legislation is one of eight bills designed to attract blockchain and other new technology companies to the state,” the news outlet detailed:

Senate File 125, sponsored by Sen. Tara Nethercott, R-Cheyenne, would establish property rights for owners of cryptocurrency and other ‘virtual assets’ under commercial law, clarifying the legal status of digital money. It also helps banks hold these assets in trusts.

“It adds value and legitimacy to the currency by giving financial institutions and businesses the ability to use it more flexibly in ways they are already familiar with,” Nethercott described.

The bill was introduced on Jan. 22. It passed the first reading on Jan. 29, the second reading on Jan. 30 and the third on Jan. 31. It was introduced to the state’s House of Representatives on Feb. 1. At the time of this writing, no further date has been set according to the state’s website.

Defining Digital Assets as Property

The bill classifies digital assets under Wyoming’s existing laws as “property within the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC).”

Wyoming Senate Passes Bill Recognizing Cryptocurrency as Money

A digital asset is defined in the bill as “a representation of economic, proprietary or access rights that is stored in a computer readable format, and includes digital consumer assets, digital securities and virtual currency.” Virtual currency is subsequently defined as a digital asset that is “Used as a medium of exchange, unit of account or store of value; and … Not recognized as legal tender by the United States government.”

Virtual Currency as Money for Secured Transactions

Digital assets are classified into three categories: digital consumer assets, digital securities, and virtual currency.

The bill refers to Wyoming statutes’ article 9 of the UCC (title 34.1) which lists rules on “secured transactions.” For the purpose of this article 9, “Digital consumer assets are intangible personal property and shall be considered general intangibles,” the bill reads. Similarly, for the purpose of article 8 and 9 of the same code, “Digital securities are intangible personal property and shall be considered securities.” Lastly, according to the bill:

Virtual currency is intangible personal property and shall be considered money … only for the purposes of article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, title 34.1, Wyoming statutes.

In addition, the bill authorizes “security interests in digital assets,” establishes “an opt-in framework for banks to provide custodial services for digital asset property as directed custodians,” and specifies “standards and procedures for custodial services under this act.” Moreover, the bill states that “The courts of Wyoming shall have jurisdiction to hear claims in both law and equity relating to digital assets.”

According to the text of the bill:

A bank may provide custodial services for digital assets consistent with this section upon providing sixty (60) days written notice to the commissioner.

The Wyoming Tribune Eagle elaborated that the bill would “allow banks to hold digital assets in trusts with ease,” adding that “While customers could not deposit bitcoin in the bank itself, they could keep it in their personal trust as property.”

What do you think of the Wyoming Senate passing this crypto bill? Let us know in the comments section below.


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#Blockchain Australia’s Financial Intelligence Agency Registers 246 Bitcoin Exchanges

Australia’s Financial Intelligence Agency Registers 246 Bitcoin Exchanges

The Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (Austrac) has now officially registered 246 cryptocurrency exchanges. Pro-regulation industry participants have described the move as a key step towards legitimizing crypto assets. The registration process includes performing background checks and other anti-money laundering procedures on the entities involved.

Also read: Coincheck Registers 1.7M New Users Since Resuming Operations

Austrac Says Regulation Will Curb Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing

Australia amended its anti-money laundering and counter-terrorism laws last year, making it a requirement for digital asset exchanges to register with Austrac, the country’s top financial intelligence agency.

According to a report published by public broadcaster ABC on Jan. 31 , the agency has also investigated 11 crypto trading platforms and eventually declined two registrations between April 2018, when the changes took effect, and mid-January 2019. No reasons were given for the refusal.

Australia’s Financial Intelligence Agency Licenses 246 Bitcoin Exchanges

Exchanges had until October to fully comply with the new Austrac rules, including reporting suspicious transactions believed to be potentially linked to money laundering or terrorist funding. The article quoted an unnamed Austrac official who warned: “We will not hesitate to take strong enforcement action where significant or wilful non-compliance is identified.”

Observers Cheer Regulatory Move

Pro-regulation observers in Australia believe the mandatory registration of cryptocurrency exchanges will lend more legitimacy to digital currency enterprises as well as blockchain projects. Phillippa Ryan, a cryptocurrency researcher at the University of Technology Sydney, told ABC that regulation helped delegitimize “the cowboys and the shonky operators.”

She argues that shoddy exchanges damage public trust in cryptocurrencies. A succession of multi-million dollar hacks within the crypto industry has sometimes led to investors questioning the safety of their assets held by exchanges. But every investor knows there is a latent degree of risk involved when storing funds with a third party.

Ryan, who has links with the Australian Digital Commerce Association, is looking forward to a time when government will re-assess its treatment of cryptocurrencies. She detailed:

You need to start at the beginning, with all the regulation you need and no more to support innovation and protect investors. Then you let it run … [and] start legislating as things go wrong and you learn lessons.

The decision by Austrac may also have been necessitated by other factors. For example, Australia’s competition regulator last year received more than 6,000 reports of potential scams linked to virtual currencies. Losses were reported to have totalled more than $9.5 million, much of it investment scams. There were also other concerns about initial coin offerings, some of which turned out to be elaborate get-rich-quick schemes.

Australia’s Financial Intelligence Agency Licenses 246 Bitcoin Exchanges

“We always had the feeling that regulation is important to bring cryptocurrency into the mainstream,” said Adrian Przelozny, head of local cryptocurrency trading platform Independent Reserve, as quoted by ABC.

He added: “If you look back two or three years, it was quite easy for anyone to start their own exchange. It was really up to the consumer to do their own research to see if the exchange they were interacting with was one they could trust.”

What do you think about the regulation of cryptocurrency exchanges? Let us know in the comments section below.


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